{"id":10503,"date":"2024-10-03T10:25:23","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T08:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/?p=10503"},"modified":"2024-10-03T10:36:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T08:36:23","slug":"papillons-de-nuit-et-plantes-endemiques-letonnante-biodiversite-des-sols-de-serpentine-a-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/fr\/papillons-de-nuit-et-plantes-endemiques-letonnante-biodiversite-des-sols-de-serpentine-a-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"Papillons de nuit et plantes end\u00e9miques : l\u2019\u00e9tonnante biodiversit\u00e9 des sols de serpentine \u00e0 Cuba"},"content":{"rendered":"

Peu connus du grand public et rarement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des sols de roche serpentine abritent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique, tant en termes de flore que de faune. Une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude s\u2019est pench\u00e9e sur l’importance de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes particuliers pour la conservation des insectes \u00e0 Cuba.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A l\u2019instar de leurs cousins diurnes, les papillons de nuits sont \u00e9troitement associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. Les milieux pr\u00e9sentant une v\u00e9g\u00e9tation particuli\u00e8re sont donc susceptibles d\u2019abriter des esp\u00e8ces de papillons de nuit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat. C\u2019est le cas des sols de serpentine. Ces sols sont issus d\u2019une roche dite ultramafique, riche en m\u00e9taux toxiques. Les plantes retrouv\u00e9es dans ces sols ont d\u00fb s\u2019adapter \u00e0 ces conditions extr\u00eames, et la flore de ces milieux y est donc riche en esp\u00e8ces end\u00e9miques, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire n\u2019existant nulle part ailleurs. A Cuba, alors que de tels sols ne repr\u00e9sentent que 7 % de la surface de l\u2019\u00eele, ils abritent pr\u00e8s d\u2019un quart des plantes end\u00e9miques, illustrant l\u2019importance de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes pour la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"

V\u00e9g\u00e9tation d’un site de serpentine \u00a9 Claudia Loiz<\/p><\/div>\n

Compte tenu du nombre de plantes end\u00e9miques qu\u2019ils abritent et sachant l\u2019importance de la biodiversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale pour les l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de serpentine sont susceptibles de jouer un r\u00f4le de premi\u00e8re importance pour la conservation de ces insectes. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019ont voulu v\u00e9rifier Claudia Loiz, jeune chercheuse cubaine soutenue par l\u2019association, et ses coll\u00e8gues, qui ont men\u00e9 \u00e0 Cuba la premi\u00e8re description des assemblages de papillons de nuits dans ces milieux.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c9tudier les papillons sans affecter leurs populations<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\"\"

Pi\u00e8ge lumineux permettant d’attirer les papillons de nuit \u00a9 Claudia Loiz<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude s\u2019est focalis\u00e9e sur le groupe des Arctiinae, une sous-famille de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res dont on connait 101 esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 Cuba, parmi lesquelles plus de la moiti\u00e9 sont end\u00e9miques de l\u2019\u00eele.<\/p>\n

Des pi\u00e8ges lumineux simples, compos\u00e9s d\u2019une lampe puissante braqu\u00e9e sur un grand drap blanc tendu verticalement, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dispos\u00e9s en plusieurs endroits de deux sites de serpentine diff\u00e9rents de l\u2019\u00eele. Les papillons attir\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re ont pu \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s et compt\u00e9s directement sur place. Un inventaire des plantes a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque point d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre la diversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et celle des papillons de nuit.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Des r\u00e9sultats qui confirment l\u2019importance de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Au cours de l\u2019\u00e9tude, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a identifi\u00e9 1 369 papillons appartenant \u00e0 33 esp\u00e8ces diff\u00e9rentes. A ce chiffre impressionnant s\u2019ajoute leur int\u00e9r\u00eat : plus d\u2019un quart des esp\u00e8ces identifi\u00e9es sont end\u00e9miques de Cuba, soulignant l’importance de ces habitats sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4t\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, 78 esp\u00e8ces de plantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es sur les deux sites, avec pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019esp\u00e8ces end\u00e9miques. Les deux sites pr\u00e9sentent des caract\u00e9ristiques tr\u00e8s distinctes. Comme attendu, le sol le plus ancien et le plus vaste est \u00e9galement le plus riche en v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, avec 74 plantes diff\u00e9rentes comptabilis\u00e9es, contre 45 pour le deuxi\u00e8me site. L\u2019\u00e9quipe a pu confirmer que la diversit\u00e9 des Arctiinae \u00e9tait plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e dans la zone la plus ancienne et la plus vaste, illustrant le lien direct entre la richesse florale et la diversit\u00e9 des papillons.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Quelques unes des esp\u00e8ces observ\u00e9es : Phoenicoprocta capistrata<\/i>, Pareuchaetes insulata<\/i>, Eunomia insularis<\/i> et Correbidia terminalis<\/i> \u00a9 Claudia Loiz<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Un enjeu pour la conservation<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude apporte des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nouveaux sur les assemblages de papillons Arctiinae \u00e0 Cuba. En particulier, elle a pu mettre en \u00e9vidence un nombre plus restreint d\u2019individus pour les esp\u00e8ces end\u00e9miques, illustrant leur tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre plus rares que les esp\u00e8ces non end\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude montre surtout que les sols de serpentine, bien qu\u2019ils ne repr\u00e9sentent qu’une petite partie du territoire cubain, h\u00e9bergent une biodiversit\u00e9 importante, tant en termes de flore que de faune, avec de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces et une importante proportion d\u2019end\u00e9misme. Ils pr\u00e9sentent donc un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier pour la conservation de ces esp\u00e8ces et m\u00e9ritent une plus grande attention de la part des scientifiques.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A propos de l\u2019auteure<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Originaire de Cuba, Claudia Loiz poursuit actuellement une th\u00e8se de doctorat sur la diversit\u00e9 des assemblages de papillons de La Havane avec le soutien de Caribaea Initiative. Les donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans l\u2019article proviennent de des travaux de son sa licence et de son master, ax\u00e9s sur la diversit\u00e9 des Artiinae de Cuba, ce dernier ayant \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenu par Caribaea Initiative.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Loiz, C., Perrot-Minnot, M.-J. & Barro, A. (2024). Diversity and endemism of Arctiinae moth assemblages in serpentine dry lowlands in Cuba. Journal of Insect Conservation, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10841-024-00632-w.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Peu connus du grand public et rarement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des sols de roche serpentine abritent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique, tant en termes de flore que de faune. Une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude s\u2019est pench\u00e9e sur l’importance de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes particuliers pour la conservation des insectes \u00e0 Cuba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":10510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nPapillons de nuit et plantes end\u00e9miques : l\u2019\u00e9tonnante biodiversit\u00e9 des sols de serpentine \u00e0 Cuba - Caribaea Initiative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/en\/moths-and-endemic-plants-the-remarkable-biodiversity-of-serpentine-soils-in-cuba\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Papillons de nuit et plantes end\u00e9miques : l\u2019\u00e9tonnante biodiversit\u00e9 des sols de serpentine \u00e0 Cuba - Caribaea Initiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Peu connus du grand public et rarement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des sols de roche serpentine abritent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique, tant en termes de flore que de faune. 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