{"id":7234,"date":"2022-12-12T11:00:22","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T10:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/?p=7234"},"modified":"2022-12-12T11:00:53","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T10:00:53","slug":"tortues-et-geckos-une-mission-a-double-enjeu-en-martinique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/fr\/tortues-et-geckos-une-mission-a-double-enjeu-en-martinique\/","title":{"rendered":"Tortues et geckos : une mission \u00e0 double enjeu en Martinique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les esp\u00e8ces exotiques envahissantes constituent une menace de taille pour la biodiversit\u00e9 des \u00eeles. De nombreuses esp\u00e8ces de reptiles, arriv\u00e9es r\u00e9cemment ou install\u00e9es depuis longtemps, mettent ainsi en p\u00e9ril les populations d\u2019esp\u00e8ces locales parfois end\u00e9miques dans plusieurs territoires de la Cara\u00efbe. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Notre projet MERCI<\/a> (Ma\u00eetrise des Esp\u00e8ces de Reptiles exotiques dans la Cara\u00efbe Insulaire<\/em>) vise \u00e0 mieux comprendre l\u2019impact de ces esp\u00e8ces sur la faune indig\u00e8ne des Petites Antilles. Plusieurs missions ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es, permettant de mettre en place un protocole scientifique rigoureux bas\u00e9 sur des m\u00e9thodes compl\u00e9mentaires. Derni\u00e8re en date, une mission en Martinique men\u00e9e en novembre dernier par Christopher Cambrone, coordinateur scientifique du projet, a permis \u00e0 la fois de continuer l\u2019\u00e9tude de tortues d\u2019eau douce invasives et de mener des exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9liminaires sur des geckos.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Trachemys scripta<\/i> \u00a9 Laurent Lebois<\/p><\/div>\n

La tortue de Floride (Trachemys scripta<\/em>), originaire des Etats-Unis, est invasive dans de nombreuses parties du monde, y compris la Cara\u00efbe. Lors d\u2019une pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente mission en Martinique dont le r\u00f4le principal \u00e9tait de mettre en place un programme de suivi des tortues via des pi\u00e8ges photographiques (lire l\u2019article<\/a>), plus d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019individus avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9s. De retour en Martinique, Christopher s\u2019est rendu dans les locaux de l\u2019Ifremer, un institut de recherche sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en science maritime, pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la dissection de ces individus. Les tractus digestifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s, et ramen\u00e9s en Guadeloupe. Des analyses mol\u00e9culaires permettront d\u2019identifier la nourriture consomm\u00e9e par les tortues, et donc de mieux comprendre leur impact sur la biodiversit\u00e9 locale en termes de pr\u00e9dation et de comp\u00e9tition. Pour compl\u00e9ter les connaissances sur les caract\u00e9ristiques de ces animaux en dehors de leur territoire natif, des \u00e9chantillons de foie ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s. Ils serviront \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer d\u2019\u00e9ventuels parasites et pathog\u00e8nes susceptibles d\u2019affecter les tortues.<\/p>\n

La mission ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0\u00a0: Christopher s\u2019est \u00e9galement pench\u00e9 sur le gecko tokay (Gekko gecko<\/em>), un autre reptile invasif originaire d\u2019Asie. En septembre, K\u00e9vin Urvoy, qui travaille sur les Esp\u00e8ces Exotiques Envahissantes \u00e0 l\u2019OFB (Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9), avait mis en place des dizaines d\u2019abris artificiels, r\u00e9partis dans des zones \u00e0 la fois urbaines et p\u00e9ri-urbaines. Les visites des abris permettront d\u2019en savoir plus sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences environnementales de ces geckos. Christopher a pu confirmer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des abris, en observant de nombreux individus dans ces derniers. Il a aussi mis au point une technique de capture sp\u00e9cifiquement adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 cet animal, avec l\u2019objectif de proc\u00e9der aux m\u00eames analyses que pour les tortues. Ces captures s\u2019effectueront lors d\u2019une prochaine mission, pr\u00e9vue d\u00e9but 2023. En attendant, les analyses des \u00e9chantillons et des donn\u00e9es d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9colt\u00e9es continuent \u00e0 livrer leurs secrets sur ces esp\u00e8ces aussi charismatiques que probl\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Gecko tokay dans un abri artificiel.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le projet MERCI est cofinanc\u00e9 par le programme INTERREG Cara\u00efbes au titre du Fonds Europ\u00e9en de D\u00e9veloppement R\u00e9gional.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les esp\u00e8ces exotiques envahissantes constituent une menace de taille pour la biodiversit\u00e9 des \u00eeles. De nombreuses esp\u00e8ces de reptiles, arriv\u00e9es r\u00e9cemment ou install\u00e9es depuis longtemps, mettent ainsi en p\u00e9ril les populations d\u2019esp\u00e8ces locales parfois end\u00e9miques dans plusieurs territoires de la Cara\u00efbe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":7223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nTortues et geckos : une mission \u00e0 double enjeu en Martinique - Caribaea Initiative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.caribaea.org\/en\/turtles-and-geckos-a-mission-with-a-double-challenge-in-martinique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tortues et geckos : une mission \u00e0 double enjeu en Martinique - Caribaea Initiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les esp\u00e8ces exotiques envahissantes constituent une menace de taille pour la biodiversit\u00e9 des \u00eeles. 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